BIOCHAR FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Keywords:
waste, biochar, pyrolysis, biomass, soil, modification, sorbentsAbstract
Agricultural waste represents a significant portion of global waste, leading to ecosystem pollution and health risks if not processed properly.
It is crucial to develop and implement effective strategies to mitigate the negative impact of agricultural by-products, which necessitates a thorough analysis of the nature of agricultural biowaste. Key factors influencing this process include the diversity of waste sources, the variability of their chemical composition and physicochemical properties, their potential applications, effectiveness against specific pollutants, and the practical aspects of recycling technologies.
This review focuses on the analysis of modern and effective management practices for organic waste in the agricultural sector. It highlights a variety of technologies, raw materials, and principles for selecting components for biochar while emphasizing sustainability. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the impact of pyrolyzed residues, derived from certain types of plant-based biomass waste in Ukraine, on environmental stabilization when used as biochar.
The study details the mechanisms of biomass conversion through thermochemical conversion technologies, which effectively break down long-chain substances into smaller molecules. During this process, energy recovery occurs alongside the production of valuable biological materials from biomass waste, although harmful pollutants may also be emitted. It is established that the concentration of pollutants as a result of thermochemical reactions is a function of the technological parameters of the gasification process and the characteristics of the feedstock.
The impact of biochar on ecosystems, particularly soils, is explored. Most studies indicate positive trends regarding the use of organically combined biochars as complete fertilizers, compost additives, and multifunctional biosorbents.
The review emphasizes the interconnected challenges of producing and utilizing biochar materials, which underscores the need for developing appropriate technologies and integrated approaches to address these issues effectively.
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