THEORETICAL STUDY OF PARAMETERS OF THE «DRUM – GARLIC CLOVE – FORK» SYSTEM OF THE GARLIC PLANTER

Abstract

The article deals with the scientific problem of finding the optimal structural and technological solutions during the development of planter for single-piece insertions of the garlic clove into the bottom of the furrow on the basis of the theoretical substantiation of the individual elements parameters of the "drum - garlic clove - fork" system and its mutual influence on the process of garlic planting in general.An analysis of recent publications was found that pneumatic mechanical systems have become quite widespread in agricultural machinery, especially in planting and seeding machines, fertilizer aggregates. The working bodies used in these machines are mainly discs with a horizontal axis of rotation and apertures on the end surface. During the theoretical research of working bodies, similar analytical models were used. The main task of study was to determine the magnitude of the suction force of the grain to the disk aperture. For the examined planter the analytical models that take into account the coordinated work of the drum with the garlic cloves and the chain plunger planting apparatus are developed. The garlic cloves are attached to the apertures on the drum surface under the action of rarefaction (suction force). The forks of chain plunger planting apparatus take the garlic cloves and insert them into the bottom of the furrow with cloves centering of downwards to down and germinating to up. The calculation model of the system "drum - garlic clove - fork" is developed and analyzed.The method of theoretical research is described and analytical dependencies are obtained for establishing the force of suction of the cloves to the apertures on the surface of the drum. It is established that the force of suction of garlic clove to the surface of the drum was increased with increase of drum angular velocity, with reduce of the number of openings on its surface and with increase of the mass of the cloves attached to them.The angular speed of the drum, harmonized with the structural parameters of the chain-plunger planting machine is substantiated. It is proved that the angular velocity of the drum was increased with the increase in the speed of transport of the conveyor and the decrease in the number of openings on its surface. In this case, the placement of plungers on the conveyor chains was constant. The movement of the garlic clove after separating it from the aperture of the drum surface until the moment of capture it with fingers of the fork was studied theoretically. The equation is obtained and solved with a PC using by the numerical Runge Kutt method in the Matlab system. The solution of equation allowed to determine the regularities of the change of the initial and final abscissa of the garlic clove gravity center during the clove fall on the lower finger of the fork and the time of garlic clove falling with various weight from the characteristic dimensions (width (thickness) of its cross-section. It was determined the linear regularities of the change of the initial and final abscissa of the center of gravity of different in weight garlic cloves during its fall on the lower finger of the fork and depending on the radius of the drum and the number of openings on its surface. The angular velocities of the drum are coordinated with the speed of the transponder of the planting machine and depended of the radius of the drum and the number of openings on its surface. The analytical dependences for determining the time of fall and the angle of leaving off the surface of the drum are determined, and the basic regularities of the process are established and analyzed. It is established the directly proportional dependence of the size of the clove and of the time of fall of the garlic clove separated from the holes on the drum to the moment of its contact with the lower finger of the fork. With the decrease of the radius of the drum, the falling time of the garlic clove becomes longer.The minimum value of the angle at which the sucking force was stopped to act and the garlic clove was separated from the opening on the surface of the drum was found from the condition that the clove pinched between the fingers of the fork did not meet (not touching) with the next tooth attached to the drill hole through the same angle.Theoretical studies have established that the angle of leaving off the clove depends on its maximum dimensions in thickness (width) and the radius of the drum, regardless of the number of opening on it and its angular velocity, as well as the height of the fork pins and the distance from the bottom of the drum to the lower finger of the plunger fork of the planting machine.