INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE YIELD OF BLACK OATS (AVENA STRIGOSA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN UKRAINE
Keywords:
oats, fertilizers, field germination, survival, yieldAbstract
The article presents the findings from field studies conducted on dark gray podzolized soil regarding the yield of black oat grain, specifically focusing on how fertilizer rates affect production in the Western Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine. Four fertilizer treatments were examined: N60P20K40 (coontrol), N60P20K40 + S21, N60P20K40 + S21 + Mg26, N60P20K40 + S21 + Mg26 + microfertilizers (1.5 l/ha).
In the control variant with N60P20K40 the mineral nutrition provided the highest seed germination rate at 83.7%. However, adding sulfur and magnesium resulted in a slight decrease in germination, with rates dropping to 80.6% and 80.7%, respectively. Interestingly, the survival rate of oat plants improved with the inclusion of a broader range of mineral nutrients, increasing from 88.6% in the control to 91.0% when sulfur, magnesium, and microfertilizers were applied. The application of the complete fertilizer package also resulted in the highest plant density before harvesting, averaging 436 plants per square meter.
The research demonstrated that mineral fertilizers positively influence the yield of black oats, specifically the Black Prince variety. In the control variant, the oat yield was 4.90 tons per hectare. When sulfur was added ((N60P20K40 + S21), the yield increased by 4% to 5.10 tons per hectare. The introduction of magnesium in the third variant (N60P20K40 + S21 + Mg26) resulted in another 4% increase, bringing the yield to 5.32 tons per hectare, which is 0.42 tons per hectare higher than the control.
In the fourth variant, where microfertilizers were applied during the tillering phase (N60P20K40 + S21 + Mg26 + microfertilizers at 1.5 l/ha), there was a notable enhancement in the absorption of macronutrients, improved plant resilience to stressors, and better grain quality. This change contributed to an additional 3% increase in yield compared to the previous variant, resulting in a total yield of 5.51 tons per hectare, which exceeds the control level by 0.61 tons per hectare.
References
Andognini J. Soil compaction effect on black oat yield in Santa Catarina, Brazil Rev. Bras. Ciência Solo. 2020. Vol. 44. Article e0190157
Ashford D. L., Reeves D. W. Use of a mechanical roller-crimper as an alternative kill method for cover crops Am. J. Altern. Agric. 2003. Vol. 18. P. 37–45.
Baum B. R. Oats: wild and cultivated. A monograph of the genus Avena L. (Poaceae). 1977. Vol. 14. P. 185–193. Ontario Canada Department of Agriculture Research Branch.
Dial H. L. Plant guide for black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) Tucson AZ USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Tucson Plant Materials Center 2014. P. 85705.
Frey L. Distribution of Avena strigosa (Poaceae) in Europe Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1991. Vol. 36. P. 281–288.
Glamočlija Đ., Janković S., Popović V., Kuzevski J., Filipović V., Ugrenović V. Alternatively crop plants in conventional and organic growing systems Belgrade Serbia Institute for Science: Application in Agriculture, 2015. 355 p.
Heuzé V., Tran G., Hassoun P., Lebas F. Black oat (Avena strigosa) Feedipedia INRA CIRAD AFZ FAO, 2015. URL: https://www.feedipedia.org/node/581 (Accessed January15, 2025)
Marquez J. et al. Successional effects of no-till cover cropping with black oat (Avena strigosa) vs. soil solarization on soil health in a tropical Oxisol. Horticulturae 2022. Vol. 8, No 6. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060527.
Martínez-Villaluenga C., Peñas E. Health benefits of oat: Current evidence and molecular mechanisms Curr. Opin. Food Sci. 2017. Vol. 14. P. 26–31.
Pereira A., Dinis L., Pinto M. R. The potential of black oats for sustainable agriculture. Field Crops Research. 2019. Vol. 221. P. 137–146.
Restelatto R., Pavinato P. S., Sartor L. R., Paixão S. J. Production and nutritional value of sorghum and black oat forages under nitrogen fertilization. Grass Forage Sci. 2013. Vol. 69. P. 693–704.
Scholten M., Spoor B., Green N. Machair corn: Management and conservation of a historical machair component. Glasg. Nat. 2009. Vol. 25. P. 63–71.
Ugrenović V., Glamočlija Đ., Janković S., Popović V., Filipović V. Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) ontogenesis and agronomic performance in organic cropping system and Pannonian environments. Agriculture. 2021. Vol. 11, No 1.
Vicensi M., Lopes C., Koszalka V., Umburanas R. C., Borecki Vidigal J. C., de Ávila F. W., Lopes Müller M. M. Soil fertility root and aboveground growth of black oat under gypsum and urea rates in no-till J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2020. Vol. 20. P. 1271–1286.
Weibull J., Bojesen L. L. J., Rasomavičius V. Avena strigosa in Denmark and Lithuania: Prospects for in situ conservation Plant Genet. Resour. Newsl. 2002. No 131. P. 1–6.
