CHICKPEA (SICER ARIETINUM L) YIELD DEPENDING ON NUTRIENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Keywords:
chickpea, fertilization system, yieldAbstract
Research on the impact of various fertilizer elements on the yield of the Yaryna variety chickpea was conducted from 2022 to 2024. A total of 10 fertilizer options were tested according to the following scheme: N0Р0К0 (control), P20К30, P40К60, N30Р40К60, N30Р40К60S20, N30Р40К60S20Mg20, N30Р40К60S20Mg20 + mono Boron, N30Р40К60S20Mg20 + mono molybdenum, N30Р40К60S20Mg20 + mono cobalt, N30Р40К60S20Mg20 + B, Mo, Co. The chickpeas were grown following winter wheat, with a seeding rate of 0.7 million seeds per hectare. Sowing occurred between April 1 and 3, and the seeds were treated with Vitavax 200FF at a rate of 3 liters per ton. The herbicide Racer, k.e. (2.5 l/ha) was applied for weed control, while the insecticide Fastak, k.e. was used at a rate of 0.15 l/ha to manage pests. To protect against diseases, fungicides were applied three times, as disease damage can be significant in conditions with ample moisture. The fungicide Rex Duo, k.s. (0.5 l/ha) was applied during the budding phase, Abacus mk (1.5 l/ha) during flowering, and Folicur 250 EW (1.0 l/ha) during the grain filling phase.
The lowest chickpea grain yield was recorded in the control group without fertilizers, at 1.74 t/ha. With the application of P20K30, the yield increased to 2.02 t/ha, an increase of 0.28 t/ha. When the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rate was doubled to P40K60, the yield rose to 2.24 t/ha. Adding 30 kg of nitrogen (N30) to the P40K60 base increased the yield further to 2.44 t/ha. Incorporating sulfur in the fertilization system raised the yield to 2.58 t/ha, and adding magnesium increased it to 2.72 t/ha. Among the microelements applied foliar during the growing season, boron was expected to have the most significant effect on chickpea productivity, boosting the yield to 2.84 t/ha. However, the increases from molybdenum and cobalt were smaller, resulting in lower yields compared to the boron treatments. In the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the highest chickpea grain yield of the Yaryna variety was 2.98 t/ha, achieved by following the fertilization system N30Р40К60S20Mg20 + В, Мо, Со, which is 1.24 t/ha, or 71.3%, higher than the control without fertilizers. The greatest yield increases were observed with the application of Р20К30 (0.28 t/ha) and the combined use of the three microelements during the growing season - B+Mo+Co (0.26 t/ha).
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