EFFECT OF SUNFLOWER OIL AND SUNFLOWER SEED SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF COW MILK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2024.28.182Keywords:
sunflower oil, sunflower seeds, dairy cows, milk production, fatty acids of milk fatAbstract
The article discusses the results of a study on how feeding lactating cows sunflower oil and sunflower seeds impacts milk production and the fatty acid composition of milk fat.
The use of high-energy fat supplements has a positive effect on cow milk production, especially during early lactation when animals may struggle to consume enough feed to meet their genetically programmed productivity needs.
Despite the presence of sufficient unsaturated fatty acids in the diet, cow milk contains small amounts of them due to biohydrogenation processes in the rumen, which are known to have a positive impact on human health. However, introducing plant oils into the diet harms rumen fiber digestion processes. Feeding oilseed seeds may be a way to reduce the negative impact of unsaturated fatty acids on rumen microbial activity, thereby increasing milk production and quality.
The study was conducted during the winter housing period. After a preparatory period, cows were divided into three groups of five each. During the study period, cows in the first group received a ration without fat supplements. Cows in the second group had sunflower oil added to their ration, replacing a portion of concentrates, at a rate of 3 % of dry matter. Cows in the third group were fed sunflower seeds, replacing a portion of concentrates equivalent to 3 % oil of dry matter.
Feeding lactating cows with sunflower oil increased milk yield and lactose content, while fat-corrected milk yield, fat, protein, lactose content, and milk fat and protein yields decreased. This fat supplement reduced the content of C12-C16 and saturated fatty acids in milk fat, while increasing the content of C18, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Feeding sunflower seeds to cows increased milk yield, milk fat, protein, lactose content and milk fat, protein and lactose yields. Introducing this fat supplement into the ration reduced the content of C12-C16 and saturated fatty acids in milk fat while increasing the content of C18, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
References
Allen M. S. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 2000. Vol. 83 (7). P. 1598–1624.
Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis / R. Chowdhury, S. Warnakula, S. Kunutsor et al. Ann. Intern. Med. 2014. Vol. 160 (6). P. 398.
Bohdan T. V. Myristic acid metabolism disorders as a probable pathogenetic link of coronary heart disease. Ukr. Med. J. 2014. No 5. P. 149–151.
Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage:concentrate ratios / K. Ueda, A. Ferlay, J. Chabrot et al. J. Dairy Sci. 2003. Vol. 86 (12). P. 3999–4007.
Hunter J. E., Zhang J., Kris-Etherton P. M. Cardiovascular disease risk of dietary stearic acid compared with trans, other saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids: a systematic review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010. Vol. 91 (1). P. 46–63.
Impact of feeding cows with rapeseed on their milk yield, quality and technological characteristics of milk and dairy products / S. Pavkovych, S. Vovk, V. Balkovskyi, N. Ohorodnyk et al. Bulletin of Lviv National Environmental University. Series “Agronomy”. 2022. No 26. P. 201–206.
Impact of the diet with rapeseed and calcium salts on productivity and fatty acid composition of cow milk fat / S. Pavkovych, S. Vovk, V. Balkovskyi, N. Ohorodnyk et al. Bulletin of Lviv National Environmental University. Series “Agronomy”. 2020. No 24. P. 203–206.
Jenkins T. C., Harvatine K. J. Lipid feeding and milk fat depression. Vet. Clin. North. Am Food Anim. Pract. 2014. Vol. 30 (3). P. 623–642.
Kurko V. I. Gas chromatographic analysis of food products. Kyiv: Harvest, 1965. P. 65–69.
Lee S. W. Chouinard Y., Van B. N. Conjugated linoleic acids alter milk fatty acid composition and inhibit milk fat secretion in dairy cows. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol. 19. P. 799–805.
Mozaffarian D. Dietary and policy priorities to reduce the global crises of obesity and diabetes. Nat. Food. 2020. Vol. 1 (1). P. 38–50.
Myristic acid, a side chain of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), can activate human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to produce oxygen radicals more potently than PMA / M. Tada, E. Ichiishi, R. Saito et al. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 2009. Vol. 45 (3). P. 309–314.
Palmquist D. Beaulieu A. D. Barbano D. Feed and Animal Factors Influencing Milk Fat Composition. J. Dairy Sci. 1993. Vol. 76. P. 1753–1771.
Palmquist D. L., Jenkins T. C. A 100-Year Review: Fat feeding of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2017. Vol. 100 (12). P. 10061–10077.
Partitioning of fatty acids into tissues and fluids from reproductive organs of ewes as affected by dietary phenolic extracts / V. Milojevic., S. Sinz, M. Kreuzer et al. Theriogenology. 2020. Vol. 144. P. 174–184.
Pavkovych S., Vovk S., Kruzhel B. Protected lipids and fatty acids in cattle feed rations. Acta Sci. Pol. Zootechnica. 2015. Vol. 14 (3). P. 3–14.
Peshuk L. V., Radziievska І. H., Shtyk І. І. Biological role of fatty acids of animal origin. Food Industry. 2011. No 10–11. P. 42–45.
Strategies for improving fertility in the modern dairy cow / W. W Thatcher, T. R. Bilby, J. A. Bartolome et al. Theriogenology. 2006. Vol. 65 (1). P. 30–44.
Vovk S. O., Pavkovych S. Ya. Protected lipids and fatty acids in cattle diets. Bull. Agric. Sci. 2016. No 4. P. 48–51.
Weisbjerg M. R., Wiking L., Kristensen N. B., Lund P. Effects of supplemental dietary fatty acids on milk yield and fatty acid composition in high and medium yielding cows. J. Dairy Res. 2008. Vol. 75 (2). P. 142–152.
