LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND COMPOSITION AS THE ART OF CREATING A HARMONIOUS SPACE OF THE HOMESTEAD

Abstract

Landscape art belongs to the spatial arts. Spatial environment is created to be functional, technical and esthetic, and architecture combines components of three most important kinds of human activity - science, technology and art.

Practical activity in landscape designing can be qualified as a process of creating a natural environment to accommodate it to people’s practical needs.

Many factors related to the operation and performance of the site should be considered when landscaping. There are two main styles of land plot planning, namely regular (classical) French and free (scenery) English.

There are several functional zones of a small garden: residential area; economic; zone of vegetable garden; zone of fruit and berries; zone of decorative garden with a place to rest; zone for outdoor activities. The location of the zones on the site is carried out taking into account the terrain, the directions of the prevailing winds, orientation by the world sides and their functional purpose.

Apart from the general concept and stylistics of the garden, its available scenery spots, it is also important to set visual harmony of separate plants and garden objects. The size, geometry and shape of landscape objects and garden compositions should not create a visual dissonance, but support and balance each other. Any change in the landscape should be a meaningful improvement of the existing natural conditions. Plants in the garden should be planted with consideration of the characteristics of the local climate and soil conditions.

While performing the works, it is required to follow the rules of sequence. Having finished construction of the house, it is recommended to make general design of the territory with specification of the zones for gardens and scenery spots. Afterwards, planting should be made in accordance with the approved scheme, whereas facilities and alleys are made at the final stage.